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<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> 通用 </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <strong class="selflink">值类别</strong></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="eval_order.html" title="c/language/eval order"> 求值顺序与顺序点</a></td></tr>
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<p>C中每个<a href="expressions.html" title="c/language/expressions">表达式</a>（带有参数的运算符、函数调用、常量、变量名等）以两个独立属性刻画：<a href="type.html" title="c/language/types">类型</a>和<a href="expressions.html#.E7.BB.BC.E8.BF.B0" title="c/language/expressions">值类别</a>。
</p><p>每个表达式属于三个值类别之一：左值、非左值对象（右值）以及函数指代器。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.B7.A6.E5.80.BC.E8.A1.A8.E8.BE.BE.E5.BC.8F">左值表达式</span></h3>
<p>左值表达式是任何类型异于 <code>void</code> 的<a href="type.html#.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E7.BB.84.E5.88.AB" title="c/language/type" class="mw-redirect">对象类型</a>，且隐含地指代一个<a href="object.html" title="c/language/object">对象</a>的表达式（当左值在求值时不实际指代一个对象时，行为未定义）。换言之，左值表达式求值得到<i>对象标识</i>。此值类别的名称（“左值”）是历史性的，并反映了 CPL 中，左值表达式作为赋值运算符的左运算数。
</p><p>左值表达式可用于下列<i>左值语境</i>：
</p>
<ul><li> 作为<a href="operator_member_access.html" title="c/language/operator member access">取址运算符</a>的运算数（除了指代<a href="bit_field.html" title="c/language/bit field">位域</a>或声明为<a href="storage_duration.html" title="c/language/storage duration">register</a>的左值）。
</li><li> 作为前/后<a href="operator_incdec.html" title="c/language/operator incdec">自增减运算符</a>的运算数。
</li><li> 作为<a href="operator_member_access.html" title="c/language/operator member access">成员访问</a>（点）运算符的左运算数。
</li><li> 作为<a href="operator_assignment.html" title="c/language/operator assignment">赋值及复合赋值</a>运算符的左运算数。
</li></ul>
<p>若将左值表达式用于异于 <a href="sizeof.html" title="c/language/sizeof">sizeof</a> 、 <a href="_Alignof.html" title="c/language/ Alignof">_Alignof</a> 或上述的运算符，则任何完整类型的非数组左值会经历<a href="conversion.html" title="c/language/conversion">左值转换</a>，这模仿的是从对象位置到其值的内存加载。同样地，在用于异于 <code>sizeof</code> 、 <code>_Alignof</code> 、取址运算符或从字符串字面量初始化数组的语境时，数组左值会经历<a href="conversion.html" title="c/language/conversion">数组到指针转换</a>。
</p><p><a href="const.html" title="c/language/const">const</a>/<a href="volatile.html" title="c/language/volatile">volatile</a>/<a href="restrict.html" title="c/language/restrict">restrict</a> 限定符和<a href="atomic.html" title="c/language/atomic">原子</a>类型的语义仅应用于左值（左值转换将剥除限定符并移除原子属性）。
</p><p>下列表达式是左值：
</p>
<ul><li> 标识符，含函数参数，只要他们被声明为指代对象（而非函数）
</li><li> <a href="string_literal.html" title="c/language/string literal">字符串字面量</a>
</li><li> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span> <a href="compound_literal.html" title="c/language/compound literal">复合字面量</a>
</li><li> 括号表达式，若其无括号版本是左值
</li><li> 成员访问（点）运算符的结果，若其左参数是左值
</li><li> 由指针访问成员（ <code><b>-&gt;</b></code> ）运算符的结果
</li><li> 间接使用运算符（一元 <code><b>*</b></code> ）作用域指向对象指针
</li><li> 下标运算符的结果（ <code><b>[]</b></code> ）
</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.AF.E4.BF.AE.E6.94.B9.E5.B7.A6.E5.80.BC.E8.A1.A8.E8.BE.BE.E5.BC.8F">可修改左值表达式</span></h4>
<p>一个<i>可修改左值</i>是任何完整类型、非数组、且非 <a href="const.html" title="c/language/const">const</a> 限定的左值表达式，而且若它是结构体/联合体，则递归地没有任何成员为 <a href="const.html" title="c/language/const">const</a> 限定。
</p><p>只有可修改左值表达式可用作自增减运算符的参数，赋值和复合赋值运算符的左参数。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.9D.9E.E5.B7.A6.E5.80.BC.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1.E8.A1.A8.E8.BE.BE.E5.BC.8F">非左值对象表达式</span></h3>
<p>通称为<i>右值</i>，非左值表达式是不指代对象的对象类型表达式，而是没有对象身份或存储位置的值。不能对非左值表达式取址。
</p><p>下列表达式是非左值对象表达式：
</p>
<ul><li> 整数、字符、浮点数常量
</li><li> 所有不返回左值的运算符，包括
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 任何函数表达式
</li><li> 任何转换类型表达式（注意看起来相似的复合字面量是左值）
</li><li> 作用于非左值结构体/联合体的的成员访问（点）运算符，<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">x</span></span></span>、 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span>x,s1<span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">a</span></span></span>、 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span>s1<span class="sy1">=</span>s2<span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">m</span></span></span>
</li><li> 所有算术、关系、逻辑及位运算符
</li><li> 自增和自减运算符（注意：前置形式在 C++ 中是左值）
</li><li> 赋值及复合赋值运算符（注意：它们在 C++ 中是左值）
</li><li> 条件运算符（注意：在 C++ 中可能是左值）
</li><li> 逗号运算符（注意：在 C++ 中可能是左值）
</li><li> 取址运算符，即使它被用一元 <code><b>*</b></code> 运算符的结果中和
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>作为特殊情况， <code>void</code> 类型表达式被假设成非左值对象表达式，得出一个不存在表示且不要求存储的值。
</p><p>注意，拥有一个数组类型成员（可以是嵌套的）的结构体/联合体右值实际上指代一个拥有<a href="lifetime.html" title="c/language/lifetime">临时生存期</a>的对象。此对象可通过由索引数组元素组成的左值表达式，或解引用该数组的数组到指针转换所得的指针访问。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0.E6.8C.87.E4.BB.A3.E5.99.A8.E8.A1.A8.E8.BE.BE.E5.BC.8F">函数指代器表达式</span></h3>
<p>函数指代器（由<a href="function_declaration.html" title="c/language/function declaration">函数声明</a>引入的标识符）是函数类型的表达式。当在异于取址运算符、 <a href="sizeof.html" title="c/language/sizeof">sizeof</a> 及 <a href="_Alignof.html" title="c/language/ Alignof">_Alignof</a> （后两者在作用于函数时生成编译错误）的语境中时，函数指代器始终转换成指向函数的非左值指针。注意函数调用运算符是对指向函数指针，而非对函数指代器自身定义的。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.3.2.1 Lvalues, arrays, and function designators (p: 54-55)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.3.2.1 Lvalues, arrays, and function designators (p: 46)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
<ul><li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 3.2.2.1 Lvalues and function designators 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

</table></div>
</div>

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